AV to PV Conversion Formulae
• Simple Tenses:
Simple Present Tense and Simple Past Tense
AV=S+V/V1/V2+O
PV= O+ HV+V3+by S
Simple Future Tense:
AV=S+shall /will+V+O
PV= O +shall be/will be+V3+by S
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• Continuous Tenses:
Continuous Present & Continuous Past Tense
AV= S+ HV +V4+ O
PV= O+ HV+being+V3+by S
Continuous Future Tense:
AV= S + shall be/ will be+V4+O
PV= No PV.
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• Perfect Tenses:
Present Perfect Tense and Past Perfect Tense:
AV= S+have/has / had+V3+O
PV= O+have/has/ had+ been+V3+by S
Future Perfect Tense:
AV= S+shall have/will have + V3 + O
PV= O+shall have/will have+been+V3+by S
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• Prefect Continuous Tenses:
Present Perfect Continuous Tense and
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
AV= S+have/has/had+been+V4+O
PV= No PV.
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
AV= S+shall have/will have+been+V4+O
PV= No PV.
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*Abbreviations used:
V base form e.g. to write
V1 present form e.g. write/writes
V2 past form e.g. wrote
V3 past participle e.g. written
V4 present participle e.g. writing
S Subject (in PV as per its case)
O Object
HV helping verb
AV Active Voice
PV Passive Voice
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